The opioid crisis as health crisis, not criminal crisis : implications for the criminal justice system
Publisher
University of British Columbia
Date Issued
2018
Document Type
Thesis
Degree
Master of Laws - LLM
Program
Law
Description
The criminal justice system’s response to the opioid crisis exacerbates risks faced by people using drugs and is harmful to public health. Through a literature review, caselaw analysis, and key-informant interviews in the Greater Vancouver area, this thesis analyzes elements of the criminal justice system’s response to the opioid crisis and provides recommendations to reduce harms experienced by people who use drugs and to promote community health and safety. An analysis of the British Columbia fentanyl trafficking sentencing decisions reveals that courts are emphasizing the need for enhanced deterrence as a response to the fentanyl crisis. In the street-level trafficking cases examined, 12 of the 14 people were motivated to traffic in order to support their own addiction. Interviews with 11 people including defence counsel, probation officers, and public interest lawyers and advocates, revealed challenges of working in the criminal justice system during the opioid crisis. Advocates described the main barrier as a fundamental misunderstanding of addiction within the criminal justice system. Advocates shared their insights into ways the criminal justice system can improve its approach. The key recommendation was for actors and policies within the criminal justice system to begin understanding the opioid crisis as a public health crisis and not a criminal crisis. A review of the literature reveals that lengthening custodial sentences for people who are trafficking fentanyl will not deter street-level trafficking. Instead, the court’s punitive approach will increase the number of individuals in custody, and disproportionately impact Indigenous people and those with substance abuse issues. Evidence-based harm reduction practices can be implemented in the justice system to reduce harm, from bail orders to prison conditions. There is a strong need for more rehabilitative options, community supports, and diversion opportunities to address the overrepresentation of people who use substances within custody.
Geographic Location
Downtown-Eastside (Vancouver, B.C.)
Date Available
2018-08-27
Rights
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
DOI
10.14288/1.0371246
Affiliation
Law, Peter A. Allard School of
ID
1.0371246